At California Prime Recovery, an addiction treatment center we believe that understanding the differences between amphetamine vs methamphetamine is essential for recognizing the dangers of stimulant misuse. While both drugs are chemically similar and stimulate the central nervous system, their medical uses, effects, and risks differ greatly. Amphetamines, such as Adderall or Ritalin, are commonly prescribed for ADHD and narcolepsy, but misuse can lead to serious health risks like addiction, high blood pressure, and heart complications. Methamphetamine, often known as crystal meth, is far more potent, highly addictive, and associated with severe long-term damage including heart failure, psychosis, and cognitive decline. This guide explores their key differences to help raise awareness and support informed decisions around treatment and prevention.
What is Amphetamine?
Amphetamine is a potent drug in ADHD therapy because it includes d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine salts that are combined in a ratio of 3:1, respectively. The drug is best suited for children above the age of three. It also includes various binders, guaranteeing that the body can function properly.
Amphetamine is available as a tablet or capsule. The medication triggers the production of more dopamine and norepinephrine, thus exciting the nerve cells, making the individual feel more at ease, and assisting in alleviating their anxiety. Some over-the-counter medications contain amphetamines for weight loss, and it is important to follow doctor’s orders to avoid misuse and the associated negative consequences.
The mental effects of amphetamine use can be compared to the high that is gotten from the intake of cocaine, except that the effects of cocaine only last around one hour. In contrast, the effects of amphetamine consumption might last from a few minutes to many hours. Using other drugs or alcohol together with amphetamine may intensify the euphoria, but you may be endangering your life.
Amphetamine Types
For the treatment of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), healthcare professionals may prescribe different types of amphetamines. These medications are stimulants that work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, helping to improve attention and reduce hyperactivity. Common types of amphetamines used for ADHD treatment include:
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine): This is a pure form of amphetamine and includes only the dextroamphetamine enantiomer. It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations.
Mixed Amphetamine Salts (Adderall): Adderall is a combination of dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, which are the two enantiomers of amphetamine. It comes in both immediate-release and extended-release forms.
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse): Unlike other amphetamines, Vyvanse is a prodrug, meaning it is inactive until it is metabolized in the body. After ingestion, it is converted to dextroamphetamine, which then exerts its therapeutic effects. Vyvanse is an extended-release medication.
It’s important to note that while amphetamines are commonly prescribed for ADHD, individual responses to medications can vary. Other non-amphetamine medications, such as methylphenidate-based drugs (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta), are also frequently used to treat ADHD.
Amphetamine Dosages
Dosages of amphetamines vary depending on the specific medication, the formulation (immediate-release or extended-release), and the individual’s age, weight, and response to the medication. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions provided by a healthcare professional. Here are general dosage guidelines for some common amphetamine medications:
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine):
- Immediate-release tablets: Typically, the starting dose for adults is 5 mg once or twice daily. The dose may be adjusted based on the individual’s response.
- Extended-release capsules: The usual starting dose for adults is 10 mg once daily in the morning.
Mixed Amphetamine Salts (Adderall):
- Immediate-release tablets: The starting dose for adults is often 5 mg once or twice daily. The dose may be adjusted based on individual response.
- Extended-release capsules: The usual starting dose for adults is 20 mg once daily in the morning.
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse):
- Vyvanse is typically taken once daily in the morning. The recommended starting dose for adults is often 30 mg, with adjustments made based on individual response.
It’s important to note that dosages for children and adolescents are generally lower and are determined based on factors such as age, weight, and the severity of symptoms. Dosages may need to be adjusted over time to achieve the desired therapeutic effect with the fewest side effects.
Amphetamine Uses for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The use of amphetamines varies based on the specific formulation and purpose of the medication. Amphetamines are typically prescribed as prescription stimulants for certain medical conditions. Here are some common uses:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Amphetamines, such as dextroamphetamine (e.g., Dexedrine), mixed amphetamine salts (e.g., Adderall), and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), are prescription stimulants often prescribed to individuals with ADHD to improve focus, attention, and reduce hyperactivity.
Narcolepsy: Amphetamines, as prescription stimulants, can be used to treat narcolepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy), and sleep attacks. Stimulants help manage daytime sleepiness in individuals with narcolepsy.
Obesity: In some cases, amphetamines have been used to assist with weight loss. However, their use for this purpose has decreased due to concerns about potential side effects and abuse.
It’s crucial to note that the use of amphetamines should be strictly supervised and prescribed by qualified healthcare professionals. Despite this, amphetamines such as Adderall are sometimes used as a ‘study drug’ by students to enhance concentration and study for longer hours, despite the risks associated with unprescribed use.
Amphetamine Onset and Duration
The effects of amphetamines vary based on the drug type, dose, metabolism, and method of use.
Dextroamphetamine
Onset: 30 minutes to 1 hour after oral ingestion
Duration: 4–6 hours (up to 10–12 hours for extended-release)
Lisdexamfetamine
Onset: 30 minutes to 1 hour (as it’s converted to dextroamphetamine)
Duration: Typically 10–12 hours
Methamphetamine
Onset: 30 minutes to 1 hour orally; faster when smoked or injected
Duration: 4–6 hours orally; shorter when used by faster methods
Note: Food, medications, and individual metabolism can influence both onset and duration. Extended-release formulations may behave differently from immediate-release types.
How Long Do Amphetamines Stay in Your System?
Approximate half-lives for common amphetamines:
Dextroamphetamine: 10–12 hours
Lisdexamfetamine: 10–13 hours
Methamphetamine: 10–12 hours (longer-acting due to potency)
Metabolism may be slower in individuals with impaired liver/kidney function or those taking other medications.
Drug Test Detection Windows
Urine: 1–3 days; up to 7+ days in chronic users
Blood: 12–24 hours (slightly longer with heavy use)
Saliva: 1–3 days
Hair: Up to 90 days or more
Factors like hydration, BMI, and overall health affect detectability.
Amphetamine Side Effects and Use Disorder
Amphetamines can have both short-term and long-term side effects. It’s important to note that the severity and prevalence of these side effects can vary among individuals. Always follow the prescribed dosage and guidelines provided by a healthcare professional. Here are some short-term and long-term side effects associated with amphetamine use:
In addition to these side effects, amphetamine use can lead to negative effects on both physical and mental health, including increased risk of cardiovascular problems, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. There is also a risk of amphetamine overdose, even when using prescription medications. Symptoms of amphetamine overdose may include rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, agitation, hallucinations, and seizures. If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.
In addition to these side effects, there is a risk of amphetamine overdose, even when using prescription medications. Symptoms of amphetamine overdose may include rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, agitation, hallucinations, and seizures. If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention.
Short-Term Side Effects:
Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep is a common short-term side effect of amphetamines.
Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Amphetamines are stimulants and can temporarily elevate heart rate and blood pressure.
Decreased Appetite: Many individuals experience a reduction in appetite, leading to potential weight loss.
Nervousness and Restlessness: Amphetamines can increase feelings of nervousness or restlessness.
Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production may result in dry mouth.
Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches as a short-term side effect.
Long-Term Side Effects:
Tolerance: With prolonged use, the body may develop tolerance to the effects of amphetamines, requiring higher doses for the same therapeutic response.
Dependence and Addiction: Long-term use of amphetamines can lead to physical and psychological dependence, and in some cases, addiction.
Cardiovascular Issues: Chronic use may contribute to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and a higher risk of cardiovascular problems.
Psychiatric Effects: Extended use may be associated with mood swings, anxiety, or other psychiatric symptoms.
Gastrointestinal Issues: Long-term use may contribute to gastrointestinal problems such as stomach upset or constipation.
Sleep Disturbances: Prolonged use can impact sleep patterns, leading to ongoing insomnia or other sleep disturbances.
Weight Loss: Persistent appetite suppression may result in continued weight loss over time.
It’s essential for individuals prescribed amphetamines to have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor for both short-term and long-term side effects. Abruptly stopping medication or changing the dosage without medical supervision can lead to withdrawal symptoms.
Amphetamine Controlled Substance Classification
Amphetamines are typically classified as Schedule II controlled substances under the CSA. Schedule II substances are considered to have a high potential for abuse, with severe psychological or physical dependence liability, but they also have accepted medical uses in the United States. The legal status of amphetamines means they are legal when prescribed by healthcare professionals for legitimate medical purposes, but possession or use without a prescription is illegal and can result in criminal charges. Understanding the legal status of amphetamines is important, as it highlights the risks and consequences associated with their use outside of regulated medical settings. This classification means that while amphetamines can be prescribed by healthcare professionals for legitimate medical purposes, their use is tightly regulated to minimize the risk of abuse and diversion.
Amphetamine Storage and Disposal
What Is Methamphetamine?
Methamphetamine is an extremely addictive stimulant drug that is estimated to affect at least 1 million lives in the U.S. It can be consumed in several different ways such as snorting, swallowing, injecting and smoking the substance, which makes it more accessible to substance users and abusers. Illicitly produced amphetamines often appear in pill or powder form, which can be smoked, inhaled, injected, or swallowed. The effects of the drug can vary depending on the method of consumption. Common street names include meth, speed, crystal meth, ice, and glass, as it resembles shards of glass crystals. Methamphetamine addiction, also known as methamphetamine use disorder, is a serious and chronic condition characterized by the compulsive use of methamphetamine, a powerful and highly addictive stimulant. Methamphetamine is a synthetic drug that affects the central nervous system, leading to increased energy, alertness, and a sense of euphoria.
Types of Meth
Methamphetamine, commonly known as meth, exists in various forms, including medical and non-medical (illicit) types. Here are the primary types:
Medical Methamphetamine:
Desoxyn: Desoxyn is a prescription medication containing methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is FDA-approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, less commonly, for the short-term treatment of obesity. Desoxyn is available in tablet form and is intended for oral administration under medical supervision. When used as prescribed, Desoxyn can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD.
Illicit Methamphetamine:
Crystal Meth: Crystal meth, also known as crystal, ice, or glass, is a highly potent and pure form of methamphetamine. It appears as crystalline rocks or fragments, often resembling clear or bluish-white shards. Crystal meth is typically produced in illegal laboratories using chemical precursors and is commonly smoked, snorted, or injected for its euphoric and stimulant effects. Illicit production of crystal meth sometimes involves hazardous household chemicals such as battery acid and lighter fluid, which greatly increase the dangers associated with its use. Illicit use of crystal meth is associated with significant risks, including addiction, overdose, and adverse physical and mental health effects.
Powder Meth: Powder methamphetamine, also known as speed, is another form of illicit methamphetamine. It usually appears as a white or off-white powder and may be less pure than crystal meth. Powder meth can be ingested orally, snorted, or dissolved in water and injected. Like crystal meth, illicit powder methamphetamine is associated with various health risks and legal consequences.
Meth Tablets: Illicit methamphetamine tablets, also known as meth pills or yaba (especially in Southeast Asia), are another form of non-medical methamphetamine. These tablets often contain amphetamine mixed with other substances, such as caffeine or other stimulants, and are commonly used recreationally. Meth tablets may vary in appearance, color, and dosage strength, and are typically ingested orally.
It’s important to note that while medical methamphetamine (Desoxyn) is FDA-approved and prescribed for specific medical conditions under strict medical supervision, non-medical methamphetamine use is illegal
Meth Uses
Side Effects and Risks of Methamphetamine Abuse
Chemical Structure Comparison
Amphetamines and methamphetamines have a similar chemical structure, but methamphetamine has an additional methyl group attached to the nitrogen atom. This structural difference increases methamphetamine’s potency and duration of effects compared to amphetamine. These differences in chemical structure account for the contrasting effects and potency of the two substances.
Amphetamine Vs Methamphetamine
Amphetamine and methamphetamine are both stimulant drugs that affect the central nervous system, but they have key differences in their chemical structures, pharmacology, and medical uses. Both amphetamine and methamphetamine belong to the stimulant class of drugs, which are known for increasing alertness and energy by acting on the brain’s neurotransmitters. Here are the main distinctions between amphetamine and methamphetamine:
Chemical Structure:
Amphetamine:
Amphetamine is a generic term that refers to a class of compounds with a basic chemical structure containing a phenethylamine core. It includes both amphetamine itself and its various derivatives.
The chemical formula for amphetamine is C9H13N.
Methamphetamine:
Methamphetamine is a specific derivative of amphetamine with a methyl group (CH3) attached to the amine nitrogen. This addition enhances its potency and alters its pharmacological effects.
The chemical formula for methamphetamine is C10H15N.
Pharmacology:
Amphetamine:
Amphetamines, including amphetamine itself and its derivatives, work by increasing the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain.
Amphetamines are used for medical purposes, such as treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Methamphetamine:
Methamphetamine has a more potent effect on the central nervous system compared to amphetamine. It not only increases the release of neurotransmitters but also inhibits their reuptake and has additional effects on intracellular signaling.
Methamphetamine has a higher potential for abuse and is associated with more intense stimulant effects compared to amphetamine.
Medical Uses:
Amphetamine:
Amphetamines, in various forms and formulations, are used medically to treat conditions such as ADHD, narcolepsy, and, in some cases, obesity.
Methamphetamine:
Desoxyn is a prescription medication that contains methamphetamine and is approved for the treatment of ADHD and, in some cases, obesity. However, its use is rare due to concerns about abuse potential.
Illicit Use:
Amphetamine:
Illicit use of amphetamine, especially in its street form, is less common compared to methamphetamine. However, misuse of prescription amphetamines does occur.
Methamphetamine:
Methamphetamine is widely known for its illicit use and is associated with the production and use of crystal meth. Illicit methamphetamine is a potent and highly addictive street drug.
Potency and Effects:
Amphetamine:
Amphetamine is generally less potent than methamphetamine and has a milder stimulant effect on the central nervous system.
Methamphetamine:
Methamphetamine is more potent and has a more pronounced stimulant effect. It is associated with intense feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and heightened alertness.
It’s crucial to emphasize that both amphetamine and methamphetamine, when used inappropriately or without medical supervision, can lead to serious health risks, including addiction, cardiovascular issues, psychiatric symptoms, and other adverse effects. The severity and duration of withdrawal symptoms depends on factors such as the length of addiction, the specific substance used, the amount consumed, and the individual’s overall health. Because of these risks, proper treatment is essential for managing overdose, withdrawal, and reducing the potential for long-term brain damage. If prescribed, these medications should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional. Misuse of these substances, especially in illicit forms, is strongly discouraged due to the associated health and legal risks.
The Onset
The onset of action refers to the time it takes for a drug to start producing its therapeutic effects after administration. The onset can vary depending on factors such as the route of administration, the specific drug formulation, and individual variations in metabolism. Here are general considerations for the onset of action for amphetamine and methamphetamine:
Amphetamine:
- Route of Administration: The onset of action can vary based on how amphetamine is administered.
- Oral (Tablet/Capsule): Onset typically ranges from 30 minutes to 2 hours after oral ingestion.
- Intranasal (Snorting): Onset is faster compared to oral administration but may vary.
- Intravenous (Injection): Onset is rapid when the drug is injected directly into the bloodstream.
Methamphetamine:
- Route of Administration: Similar to amphetamine, the onset of action for methamphetamine can vary based on the route of administration.
- Smoking or Inhalation: Onset is rapid, typically within seconds to a few minutes, as the drug quickly reaches the bloodstream through the lungs.
- Injection (Intravenous or Intramuscular): Onset is rapid, similar to smoking.
- Oral Ingestion: Onset is slower compared to smoking or injection, typically ranging from 15 minutes to an hour.
It’s important to note that while onset times provide a general idea, individual responses can vary. Additionally, illicit forms of methamphetamine, such as crystal meth, are often associated with rapid onset due to methods like smoking or injection, contributing to their high abuse potential.
Risks of Stimulant Addiction for Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
Stimulant addiction risks vary depending on the specific substance and individual factors, but both amphetamines and methamphetamine carry a potential for addiction and other adverse effects. Amphetamines affect the brain’s reward system by increasing dopamine levels, which can lead to euphoria and reinforce addictive behaviors.
Treatment Options for Stimulant Addiction
Addressing stimulant addiction involves comprehensive strategies tailored to individual needs. Here are various treatment options to help individuals overcome stimulant addiction:
Purpose: Remove stimulants from the body.
Duration: Typically lasts 3-7 days.
Medical Supervision: Often necessary due to severe withdrawal symptoms.
Goal: Stabilize the individual physically.
Withdrawal Management:
Addressing Symptoms: Managing severe withdrawal symptoms like depression, insomnia, and intense cravings.
Medication: In some cases, medications may be used to alleviate specific withdrawal symptoms.
Psychological Support: Essential for addressing the mental health aspects of withdrawal and recovery.
Setting: Residential treatment facility.
Duration: Intensive treatment lasting 30, 60, or 90 days.
Benefits: 24/7 support, counseling, and medical care.
Structure: Highly structured environment to promote recovery.
Flexibility: Allows individuals to live at home while attending scheduled treatment sessions.
Suitability: Suitable for those with a stable home environment and lower risk of severe withdrawal.
Individual Counseling:
Focus: One-on-one sessions addressing underlying causes of addiction.
Goals: Develop coping strategies, set recovery goals.
Benefits: Provides a supportive environment where individuals share experiences.
Therapist-Led Discussions: Led by trained therapists to address common struggles.
Approach: Focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with addiction.
Goals: Develop healthier coping mechanisms, address triggers.
Holistic Therapies:
Approach: Addresses overall well-being, including physical, mental, and emotional aspects.
Activities: Yoga, meditation, art therapy, mindfulness, and wellness counseling.
Involvement: Engages family members in the treatment process.
Goals: Improve communication, address family dynamics, provide support.
Post-Treatment Support: Ongoing counseling, support groups, alumni programs, and engagement with a recovery community for continued encouragement and accountability.
Relapse Prevention: Tools and resources to maintain sobriety.
Community Support: Groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide encouragement and shared experiences.
Relapse Prevention: A sense of community to navigate challenges together.
Educational Programs:
Understanding Addiction: Learn about the nature of addiction and relapse prevention.
Life Skills: Develop skills to cope with stress and challenges without resorting to stimulant use.
Life Skills Training:
Purpose: Helps individuals reintegrate into everyday life and maintain sobriety after detox.
Focus: Building practical skills for daily living, employment, and healthy relationships.
Does Insurance Cover Amphetamine Addiction Treatment?
Typically, yes. Insurance coverage for stimulant addiction treatment can vary based on the specific insurance plan and its policies. While many insurance plans provide coverage for substance use disorder treatment, including addiction to stimulants, the extent of coverage may differ.
Conclusion
Seeking Treatment? We Can Help!
At California Prime Recovery, as an in-network provider we work with most insurance plans, such as:
- Tricare
- Blue Shield
- Magellan Health
- First Health Network
- The Holman Group
- Cigna
- Anthem BCBS
- Aetna
- Humana
- TriWest
- Halcyon
- HMC Healthworks
- Molina
- UnitedHealthcare
- Optum
- UMR
- And More
If you or a loved one are struggling with mental health challenges or substance abuse, reach out to California Prime Recovery today. Our team of compassionate professionals is here to support your journey towards lasting well-being. Give us a call at 866-208-2390.
Also, check out our blogs posted weekly on Medium.
FAQs
Is methamphetamine more dangerous than amphetamine?
Yes, methamphetamine is considered more dangerous due to its higher potency and potential for addiction.
Can amphetamines be used to lose weight effectively?
While amphetamines can suppress appetite, they are not recommended for weight loss as they can lead to serious health risks.
How can I recognize if someone is addicted to amphetamines or methamphetamine?
Signs of addiction may include increased drug-seeking behavior, neglecting responsibilities, and withdrawal symptoms when not using the drug.
Can methamphetamine be used medically?
In rare cases, methamphetamine may be prescribed for medical conditions like obesity and ADHD, but its use is highly regulated due to its potential for abuse.
Is treatment for amphetamine or methamphetamine addiction effective?
Yes, with the right treatment and support, individuals can recover from amphetamine or methamphetamine addiction and lead fulfilling lives.