Author & Editor: Adam Tomlinson
Clinically Reviewed by: Charee Marquez, LMFT
Clinical Contributor: Karynne Witkin, M.A. I/O Psychology
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a promising medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, has gained attention for its potential to ease withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid use disorder. The plant’s main compounds, kratom alkaloids, interact with mu opioid receptors, similar to traditional opioid drugs. Despite its perceived benefits in managing opioid addiction and withdrawal, the rise in kratom use has raised significant safety concerns, particularly regarding drug dependence and adverse events. Healthcare providers and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are increasingly monitoring kratom exposures due to its potential for drug abuse, physical dependence, and severe adverse effects, including kratom overdose. Understanding the clinical implications of kratom use and its impact on mental health is essential for addressing the ongoing opioid epidemic.
The kratom withdrawal symptoms timeline can vary based on individual factors such as duration of use, consumption methods, and levels of dependency.
What Is Kratom Mitragyna Speciosa?
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a plant that is found in Southeast Asia. It is used to treat various problems such as pain relief, stress reduction and as a relaxant. The leaves are chewed, or dried, and crushed into powder to make tea to fight tiredness. Kratom is commonly consumed in various forms such as tea, powder, capsules, and through chewing or smoking the leaves. Kratom is sometimes sold in liquid form as a treatment to stop diarrhea and cramps. It is also marketed as a dietary supplement. However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has not approved medical uses for Kratom.
Kratom can be effective in relieving pain because it contains mitragynine and 7-hydroxy mitragynine, which act on opioid receptors in the brain. However, it is a unique plant, and is not regulated by the Controlled Substances Act, so the dosage has different effects and impacts on the body.
Kratom Products, Types, and Dosages
Types of Kratom:
Kratom strains are often categorized by the color of the veins in their leaves, and each color is associated with different effects. Common strains include:
Red Vein Kratom:
- Often associated with relaxation and pain relief.
- Examples include Red Bali, Red Thai, and Red Maeng Da.
Green Vein Kratom:
- Tends to have a more balanced effect, providing energy and mild pain relief.
- Examples include Green Malay, Green Thai, and Green Maeng Da.
White Vein Kratom:
- Often considered more stimulating and energizing.
- Examples include White Bali, White Thai, and White Maeng Da.
Maeng Da Kratom:
- Known for its potency and may have energizing or pain-relieving effects.
Dosages of Kratom:
Dosages of kratom can vary, and the effects are influenced by factors such as individual sensitivity, tolerance, and the specific strain of kratom. It’s crucial to start with a low dose and assess individual response. Keep in mind that the following dosages are general guidelines and may not be suitable for everyone:
Low Dose (1-2 grams):
Mild stimulant effects.
Increased alertness and energy.
Moderate Dose (2-4 grams):
Balanced effects, combining stimulation and relaxation.
Enhanced mood and focus.
High Dose (4-6 grams):
More sedative and analgesic effects typical of high doses.
Increased risk of adverse effects.
Very High Dose (6 grams and above):
Sedative effects may dominate.
Increased risk of side effects, including nausea and dizziness.
It’s important to note that individual responses to kratom can vary, and there is a lack of standardized dosing guidelines.
Kratom Uses Including Opioid Withdrawal
Kratom is a plant-based substance that some individuals use for a variety of self-reported effects. Its impact can vary depending on strain, dosage, and individual sensitivity. Below are commonly reported uses, along with important considerations.
- Pain Relief
Kratom contains naturally occurring alkaloids that may have analgesic properties. Some users report relief from chronic pain or muscle discomfort, though effects can vary and are not medically regulated. - Energy and Stimulation
Lower doses of certain kratom strains, often described as white-vein varieties, are commonly associated with increased energy, alertness, and stamina. - Relaxation and Stress Reduction
Higher doses or red-vein strains are frequently reported to produce calming or sedative effects, which some individuals use to manage stress or promote relaxation. - Mood Enhancement
Some users describe improved mood or a temporary sense of well-being after using kratom, though these effects are subjective and not consistent for everyone. - Opioid Withdrawal Support
Kratom has been used by some individuals to self-manage opioid withdrawal symptoms because it interacts with opioid receptors in the brain. At lower doses, it may produce stimulating effects, while higher doses can lead to sedation and pain relief. However, using kratom for withdrawal carries risks, including the potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms related to kratom itself. - Focus and Cognitive Effects
Certain strains are believed by users to enhance focus or concentration, particularly at lower doses. - Social Effects
Some individuals report increased sociability or ease in social situations, though responses vary widely.
Important Considerations
Kratom is not FDA-approved for medical use, and its safety, dosage, and long-term effects are not well regulated. Because kratom interacts with opioid receptors, regular use may increase the risk of dependence and can complicate opioid use disorder. Use may carry additional risks when combined with other substances or used frequently, and individuals with a history of opioid addiction may require professional opioid addiction treatment rather than self-managed alternatives.
What is Kratom Withdrawal?
Risks and Side Effects of Kratom
Many people assume kratom is safe because it is plant-based, but research and clinical reports indicate that kratom can pose serious risks to the body and, in rare cases, has been associated with severe medical complications and death. Kratom contains psychoactive compounds found in its leaves that interact with the brain’s opioid receptors, producing stimulant- or opioid-like effects depending on the dose. Because of these effects and potential risks, kratom use should not be considered harmless, and medical guidance is strongly recommended before use.
Kratom may also worsen existing mental health conditions, particularly anxiety, mood disorders, or substance use disorders.
Short-Term Effects of Kratom
Stimulant Effects (more common at lower doses):
Increased energy
Enhanced alertness
Improved or elevated mood
Sedative Effects (more common at higher doses):
Relaxation or calmness
Pain relief
Drowsiness
Opioid-Like Effects:
Euphoria
Analgesia (pain relief)
Cough suppression
Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea and vomiting
Sweating
Dizziness
Itching
Dry mouth
Psychological Effects:
Altered perception
Increased sociability
Anxiety, agitation, or irritability in some individuals
Long-Term Effects of Kratom
Tolerance: Repeated kratom use can lead to tolerance, meaning higher amounts are needed to achieve the same effects.
Dependence: Some individuals develop physical or psychological dependence, experiencing discomfort or withdrawal when stopping use. Repeated kratom use can also lead to drug dependency and kratom abuse, increasing the risk of developing a substance use disorder.
Withdrawal Symptoms: Reported symptoms include irritability, anxiety, muscle aches, runny nose, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, mood changes, and strong cravings. Kratom withdrawal resembles opioid withdrawal due to its action on mu-opioid receptors, but is generally milder, shorter in duration, and less medically dangerous than withdrawal from classic opioids.
Gastrointestinal Issues: Chronic use has been linked to constipation and other digestive problems.
Liver Effects: There have been reports of liver injury associated with kratom use, though the exact causes are not fully understood.
Cognitive Effects: Some users report difficulty concentrating, memory issues, or cognitive slowing with prolonged use.
Addiction Risk: In some cases, kratom use becomes compulsive, continuing despite negative physical, psychological, or social consequences.
Kratom Addiction Treatment
Treatment options for kratom addiction may involve a combination of approaches to address physical, psychological, and behavioral aspects of addiction. Here are some common treatment options:
Gradual tapering or medical detox under the supervision of healthcare professionals can help manage withdrawal symptoms associated with kratom cessation. Medical supervision is crucial to manage severe symptoms and reduce the risk of relapse, which can complicate recovery efforts when attempted at home.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and contingency management are commonly used to address the psychological aspects of addiction, helping individuals identify and change patterns of behavior.
Participating in support groups, such as 12-step programs or non-12-step alternatives, provides individuals with a sense of community and shared experiences, promoting recovery.
Individual Counseling:
One-on-one counseling with a mental health professional can address specific issues related to kratom addiction, helping individuals develop coping strategies and set goals for recovery.
For severe cases of addiction, inpatient rehabilitation in a specialized facility may be necessary. This provides a structured and supportive environment for individuals to focus on recovery.
Outpatient programs offer flexibility, allowing individuals to receive treatment while maintaining daily responsibilities. These programs may include counseling, therapy, and support group participation.
Holistic Approaches:
Incorporating holistic approaches such as mindfulness, yoga, and meditation can contribute to overall well-being and stress reduction during recovery.
Education and Relapse Prevention:
Providing education about the risks of kratom use and strategies for relapse prevention is essential for long-term recovery.
Medical Management:
Medications may be considered for specific symptoms or co-occurring conditions. However, there are currently no FDA-approved medications specifically for kratom addiction.
Developing a comprehensive aftercare plan is crucial for ongoing support post-treatment. This may include continued therapy, support group participation, and strategies for relapse prevention.
It’s important for individuals seeking treatment to consult with healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate and effective treatment plan based on their specific needs and circumstances.
Does Insurance Cover Kratom Addiction Treatment?
Typically, yes. However, the coverage for kratom addiction treatment by insurance can vary based on the specific insurance plan and its policies. Kratom is an herbal substance that has been associated with dependence and addiction, and individuals seeking treatment for kratom addiction may encounter differences in coverage based on their insurance provider.
Conclusion
Kratom withdrawal can cause both physical and psychological symptoms similar to opioid withdrawal, including muscle aches, cravings, mood changes, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Because kratom interacts with opioid receptors, stopping use may lead to dependence-related withdrawal symptoms that vary in severity and duration. Managing withdrawal safely often requires medical oversight, behavioral support, and mental health care to address both physical symptoms and emotional challenges. A comprehensive treatment approach that includes detox support, therapy, and long-term recovery planning is essential for individuals struggling with kratom misuse or addiction.
Seeking Treatment? We Can Help!
At California Prime Recovery, as an in-network provider we work with most insurance plans, such as:
- Tricare
- Blue Shield
- Magellan Health
- First Health Network
- The Holman Group
- Cigna
- Anthem BCBS
- Anthem Blue Cross
- Humana
- TriWest
- Halcyon
- HMC Healthworks
- Molina
- UnitedHealthcare
- Optum
- UMR
- And More
If you or a loved one are struggling with mental health challenges or substance abuse, reach out to California Prime Recovery today. Our team of compassionate professionals is here to support your journey towards lasting well-being. Give us a call at 866-208-2390.
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FAQs
Can Kratom help with opioid withdrawal?
Some people use kratom to ease withdrawal symptoms from opioid use disorder. The alkaloids in kratom can interact with the same receptors as opioids, potentially reducing symptoms like depressed mood and abdominal pain.
Is Kratom safe to use?
While kratom is considered a dietary supplement, it carries significant safety concerns. It can cause severe adverse effects, including kratom overdose, respiratory depression, and psychotic symptoms. Long-term use can lead to kratom dependence and withdrawal.
What are the withdrawal symptoms of Kratom?
Withdrawal symptoms from kratom can include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, cravings, and physiological dependence, similar to morphine withdrawal effects.
How does the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) view Kratom?
The DEA monitors kratom due to its potential for drug abuse and dependence. Kratom exposures and reports of severe adverse effects have led to increased scrutiny.
What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s stance on Kratom?
The FDA has raised concerns about the safety of kratom products, emphasizing the lack of evidence supporting its use for opioid withdrawal and the potential for abuse.