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PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is caused by a past traumatic event, either due to severe abuse or violence, or a natural disaster whose effects are significantly distressing such that they interrupt an individual’s ability to function effectively in their daily activities, or when certain stressors are triggered.
Studies show that traumatic experiences during childhood or adolescence may lead to substance use and addictive behaviors later in life. When a traumatic event occurs, it triggers an increase in endorphins initially, and then a severe withdrawal of endorphins. Individuals who are affected by trauma disorders turn to using substances to compensate for the withdrawal of endorphins each time they experience trauma stressors or triggered by flashbacks. Depending on substances to cope with trauma eventually leads to addiction.
Clinically Reviewed by: Charee Marquez, LMFT
Symptoms of PTSD vary between individuals depending on the severity of the trauma and the person’s response to it. Below are groups of symptoms commonly experienced by PTSD patients. To be diagnosed as PTSD, an individual must experience symptoms from one or more of the groups.
This group of symptoms include persistent thoughts and re-experiencing past traumatic events, flashbacks and nightmares, leading to severe psychological distress when reminded of the trauma.
Intentional efforts to avoid remembering or thinking about past traumatic events, or people, places and things related to the event.
This group of symptoms include misremembering or difficulty remembering the traumatic event, social withdrawal, experiencing feelings of guilt, shame, anger, fear and horror.
This set of symptoms include hypervigilance, sleep problems, difficulty holding attention, quick to react with anger, irritability and self-destructive behaviors.
Research indicates that more than 40% of addiction patients are also trauma disorder patients. There is an unmistakable link between trauma and substance use, and hence dual diagnosis and treatment is necessary to address both.
Due to the sensitive nature of most traumatic events, individual therapy including behavioral therapies (CBT, DBT, EMDR) and psychotherapy have been found to be most effective in treating co-occurring disorders such as trauma disorder and substance abuse disorder. Prescription medications such as antidepressants may be recommended in some cases. Holistic practices such as yoga, meditation, as well as balanced diet and exercises go a long way toward enhancing an individual’s wellbeing.
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Start at John Wayne Airport, 18601 Airport Way, Santa Ana, CA 92707.
Head southeast for about 0.2 miles.
Keep left at the fork and follow signs for Rental Car Return. Continue for 0.7 miles.
Use the left lane to turn slightly left onto N Airport Way. Continue for 0.2 miles.
Use the left lane to turn slightly left to stay on N Airport Way and proceed for 0.1 miles.
Use the left 2 lanes to turn left onto MacArthur Blvd. Drive for approximately 0.5 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to turn right onto the I-405 N ramp towards Long Beach. This will be a 0.2-mile drive.
Merge onto I-405 N and travel for about 2.9 miles.
Take exit 12 for Euclid St. Drive for approximately 0.2 miles.
Keep right at the fork, follow signs for Euclid St N and merge onto Euclid St. Continue on Euclid St for 0.8 miles.
Turn right onto Newhope St. and drive for about 1.1 miles.
Turn right into the plaza, and you will find your destination on the left: 17330 Newhope St. Unit A, Fountain Valley, CA 92708.
Start at Los Angeles International Airport, 1 World Way, Los Angeles, CA 90045.
Head west on World Way toward Vicksburg Ave. Continue for 0.2 miles.
Use the 2nd from the right lane to turn slightly right onto S Sepulveda Blvd (signs for I-105). Drive for about 0.4 miles.
Use the right lane to take the I-105 E ramp. Merge onto I-105 E. Continue for approximately 17 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to merge onto I-605 S towards Long Beach. Drive for about 2.2 miles.
Take the exit onto I-405 S toward Long Beach. Continue on I-405 S for approximately 18.5 miles.
Take exit 12 for Euclid St. Drive for about 0.2 miles.
Keep left at the fork, follow signs for Euclid Street S, and merge onto Euclid St. Continue on Euclid St for 0.8 miles.
Turn right onto Newhope St. and drive for about 1.1 miles.
Turn right into the plaza, and you will find your destination on the left: 17330 Newhope St. Unit A, Fountain Valley, CA 92708.
Start at San Diego International Airport, 3225 N Harbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92101.
Head east on N Harbor Dr toward McCain Rd. Drive for about 0.7 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to turn right onto W Grape St. Continue for 1.5 miles.
Use the left 2 lanes to take the Interstate 5 N ramp. Merge onto I-5 N. Travel on I-5 N for approximately 76 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to take exit 92B for CA-73 N toward Long Beach. Continue onto CA-73 N (Note: This is a toll road). Drive for about 16.8 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to take exit 18A to merge onto I-405 N toward Long Beach. Continue on I-405 N for approximately 6.5 miles.
Take exit 12 for Euclid St. Drive for about 0.2 miles.
Keep left at the fork, follow signs for Euclid Street S, and merge onto Euclid St. Continue on Euclid St for 0.8 miles.
Turn right onto Newhope St. and drive for about 1.1 miles.
Turn right into the plaza, and you will find your destination on the left: 17330 Newhope St. Unit A, Fountain Valley, CA 92708.
Start at Riverside Municipal Airport, 6951 Flight Rd, Riverside, CA 92504.
Head southwest on Flight Rd. Continue for 0.3 miles.
Turn left onto Arlington Ave and drive for about 1.5 miles.
Use the right lane to take the ramp onto CA-91 W. Merge onto CA-91 W. Travel on CA-91 W for approximately 20.5 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to take exit 34B to merge onto I-15 S toward San Diego. Drive for about 4.7 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to take exit 96 to merge onto CA-91 W toward Beach Cities. Continue on CA-91 W for approximately 8.7 miles.
Merge onto CA-55 S via the ramp to Newport Beach. Travel on CA-55 S for about 14.3 miles.
Use the right 2 lanes to take exit 5B to merge onto I-405 N toward Long Beach. Drive for 4.2 miles.
Take exit 12 for Euclid St. Drive for about 0.2 miles.
Keep left at the fork, follow signs for Euclid Street S, and merge onto Euclid St. Continue on Euclid St for 0.8 miles.
Turn right onto Newhope St. and drive for about 1.1 miles.
Turn right into the plaza, and you will find your destination on the left: 17330 Newhope St. Unit A, Fountain Valley, CA 92708.